Medical experts express concern over the link between type 2 diabetes and increased fracture risk in older women, a significant health challenge for the aging population.
Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance and high blood sugar, causes various complications, including reduced bone mineral density, making bones more susceptible to fractures.
A recent study published in the Journal of American Medical Association found that poor physical function is the primary reason for increased fracture risk in women with type 2 diabetes.
The study, led by Michail Zoulakis, involved 6382 women aged 75-80 and revealed that type 2 diabetes increases fracture risk due to impaired physical function.
With 537 million adults living with diabetes, projected to rise to 783 million by 2045, experts attribute the increased risk to factors like physical inactivity, menopause, poor nutritional status, and inadequate calcium and vitamin D levels, compromising bone health.
Diabetes expert Dr. Damian Ashinedu notes that poor nutritional status and decreased physical activity in diabetics can weaken bones, highlighting the need for awareness and action.
He said, “Moreover, diabetes-related complications such as neuropathy and impaired vision can increase the likelihood of falls, which are a common cause of fractures.
“Medications used to manage diabetes, including certain glucocorticoids, can also contribute to decreased bone density. There is a need for comprehensive bone health management for older women with type 2 diabetes.
“This includes regular bone density screenings, ensuring adequate intake of bone-supporting nutrients like calcium and vitamin D, and implementing fall-prevention strategies.”
Dr. Damian Ashinedu emphasized the need for a comprehensive approach to managing diabetes that takes into account bone health, highlighting the importance of proactive measures and preventive care to protect bone health and overall well-being.
He stressed that preventing fractures in older women with type 2 diabetes requires a multifaceted strategy that focuses on both bone health and fall prevention.
To mitigate fracture risk, he recommended several key strategies, including early detection of low bone density through screenings, which can inform timely interventions and treatments, thereby reducing the likelihood of fractures in this vulnerable population.
Ashinedu said, “Ensuring adequate intake of calcium and vitamin D, is essential for bone health. This can be achieved through diet or supplements as recommended by a healthcare provider.
“Also, reviewing and adjusting diabetes medications under medical supervision to minimise adverse effects on bone health are required. Some medications can impact bone density, so alternative options may be considered.
“Having said this, regular physical activity, such as walking or strength training, to improve bone strength and balance should be encouraged. Exercise helps maintain bone density and reduces the risk of falls.”
Dr. Isaiah Abali, a Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon at Abia State University Teaching Hospital, emphasized that fractures in older women are a prevalent issue.
He attributed this to the fact that inactivity and inadequate nutrient intake, often associated with aging, hinder the maintenance of healthy bones, leading to weakened bones that are more susceptible to fractures.
He highlighted, “Fracture in older women is common because as they attain menopause, they will start losing their bone stock by three per cent per year. If this happened for the next 10 years, she would have lost 30 percent of her bone stock.
“So, with this, the bone becomes fragile and a fall that will orderly not cause any harm will now lead to fracture. We call it pathological fracture and one of the things that increase the risk of fracture in these women is inactivity.
“A woman, who is not very active, is at higher risk of fracture than the one that is very active. Also, because people with Type 2 diabetes are meant to avoid certain foods, they don’t get enough nutrients that are required for healthy bones.
“So, it is important to implement strategies to prevent falls, such as removing tripping hazards at home, using assistive devices if needed, and ensuring good lighting. Balance and coordination exercises can also be beneficial.
“Routine check-ups with healthcare providers can help manage diabetes effectively and address any emerging bone health issues promptly.
“By integrating these practices into daily routines, older women with type 2 diabetes can significantly reduce their risk of fractures and enhance their overall quality of life.”
